Research Article

(Southern) Urban, American Education: Myths and Methods

Rosetta Codling 1 *
More Detail
1 Georgia Military College, 255 Veterans Parkway, Fayetteville, Georgia, USA* Corresponding Author
Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research, 3(2), June 2019, 17-23, https://doi.org/10.30935/mjosbr/9589
Published: 01 August 2019
OPEN ACCESS   1023 Views   629 Downloads
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

The advent of urban education, in America, brought about the recognition of the cultural and environmental ‘cognitives’ as they relate to students in industrialized states. The imperatives surrounding the education of these students require that educators factor diverse cultural identities, languages (foreign and dialects), ‘challenged’ economic situations, and limited funding for public education into their curriculum planning. The new frontier of Southern, urban education is looming before pedagogy and administrators presently. America’s Southern regions are booming with population and economic growth. Currently, the primary and secondary schools of the Southern regions rank poorly against their Northern counterparts. These (newly) recognized urban students lack fundamental proficiency in math, English, and Science. Most are IT illiterate. The deficient practices of the schools that educate or mal-educate these pupils must be acknowledged and hopefully changed.
This paper seeks to explore the role historical elements of urban education and the methodologies (successful and non-successful) that are part of this discipline. Southern, urban education and the different and/or similar practices (past and present) will be explored with a focus upon the new challenges within.
Keywords: Horace Mann School of Thought, John Dewey Education theories, Booker T. Washington Education theory, The Talented Tenth, Education ‘tracking’, Brown v. Board of Education, Civil Rights Act of 1964

CITATION (APA)

Codling, R. (2019). (Southern) Urban, American Education: Myths and Methods. Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research, 3(2), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.30935/mjosbr/9589

REFERENCES

  1. “John Dewey, American Pragmatist,” Date extracted: September 5, 2015. Retrieved from: http://dewey.pragmatism.org/
  2. 1998 Interview About 1968 Columbia Student Revolt with Ex-Weatherman Leader Bernardine Dohrn--Part 3, (2009). Extracted on September 5, 2015. Retrieved from: http://bfeldman68.blogspot.com/2009/05/1998-interview-about-1968-columbia_19.html
  3. Atlanta Journal Constitution., (2015). “A timeline of how the Atlanta cheating scandal unfolded,” Education, Extracted on August 29, 2105, Retrieved from: http://www.ajc.com/news/news/a-timeline-of-how-the-atlanta-school-cheating-scan/nkkLH
  4. Bainbridge, L. William. (2002). “Commentary: Leaving Children Behind.” Technos Quarterly. Summer 2002 Vol. 11 No.2. Extracted on: September 5, 2015. Retrieved from: http://schoolmatch.com/articles/technos.htm
  5. Bauerlein, Mark, (2003). “The Tactile Life of Booker T. Washington.” Retrieved from: https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-tactical-life-of-booker-t-washington/
  6. Behavioral Research and Teaching (University of Oregon), Chapter 15: The South After the Civil War (2015) Retrieved from: http://www.brtprojects.org/cyberschool/history/ch15/15answers.pdf September 8, 2015
  7. Brown, L. DeNeen. Black towns, established by freed slaves after the Civil War, are dying out. (2015). The Washington Post. Retrieved from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/black-towns-established-by-freed-slaves-after-civil-war-are-dying-out/2015/03/26/25872e5c-c608-11e4-a199-6cb5e63819d2_story.html
  8. Consitutional Rights Foundation, “A Brief History of Jim Crow.” Date of extract: September 5, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.crf-usa.org/black-history-month/a-brief-history-of-jim-crow
  9. Downey, Maureen, (2015). “Opinion: New Georgia Law gives diplomas to those who didn’t earn them,” Maureen Downey@AJCGetSchooled.com, Atlanta Journal Constitution.Com, Extracted on: august 25, 2015. Retrieved from: http://getschooled.blog.ajc.com/2015/04/01/opinion-is-it-fair-to-hand-diplomas-to-students-who-never-bothered-is-this-an-april-fools-joke/
  10. Downey, Maureen. (2015). New law would ignore test failures and award belated high school diplomas to 8,000,”MaureenDowney@ AJCGetSchooled.com, Atlanta Journal Constitution, Extracted on August 27, 2015, Retrieved on: http://getschooled.blog.ajc.com/2015/02/05/did-states-high-school-graduation-test-hurt-students-was-it-a-bad-test/
  11. Du Bois, W.E. B., Douglas, Frederick, Washington T. Booker., (2007). Three African American Classics: Up from Slavery, Souls of the Black Folk, and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas. Dover Publications.
  12. Fortune, T. Timothy. Black and White, Land, Labor, and Politics in the South (1856) Kindle Free App. Extracted on August 27, 2015, Retrieved from: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16810/16810-h/16810-h.htm
  13. Harris, Elizabeth. (2015). “New York City Task Force Targets Cheating by Teachers and Principals,” The New York Times, n.Y./Region, Extracted on August 31, 2015, Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/05/nyregion/new-york-city-task-force-targets-cheating-by-teachers-and-principals.html?_r=0
  14. Harris, Sonia., Neiman, David. (1995). Only A Teacher: Teaching Timeline. Georgia Public Broadcasting. Multimedia timeline. Retrieved from: http://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/timeline.html
  15. History staff.com., “Carpet Baggers and Scalawags.” (2010). A+E Networks. Retrieved from: http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/carpetbaggers-and-scalawags September 8, 2015.
  16. Kohl, Sonali, (2014). “Modern-Day Segregation in Public Schools.” The Atlantic.com. Retrieved from: http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/11/modern-day-segregation-in-public-schools/382846/
  17. Lavin, David (1981). “Rights Versus Privilege,” The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th edition, Copyright 2012, Columbia University Press. Date extracted: September 10, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/society/open-enrollment.html
  18. Louis R. Harlan, ed., The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol. 3, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1974), 583–587.
  19. My AJC (Atlanta Journal Constitution). “Cheating our children: Districts with suspicious patterns,” Extracted on August 30, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.myajc.com/news/cheating-our-children/districts/
  20. NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Brown at 60: The Southern Manifesto and “Massive Resistance to Brown” Retrieved from: http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-southern-manifesto-and-massive-resistance-brown (September 9, 2015)
  21. Ogbu, U. John, Black American Students in An Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement (Sociocultural, Political, and Historical Studies in Education) Routledge Press, Jan. 3, 2003
  22. Public Ed For Parents. “Original text of 1965 ESEA Act (1965). Extracted on Sept. 10, 2015. Retrieved from: https://sites.google.com/site/publicedforparents/original-text-of-1965-esea-act
  23. Purnell, Hannah, “The History of Historically Black Colleges and Universities: A tradition rich in history.” CollegeView.com. Retrieved from: http://www.collegeview.com/articles/article/the-history-of-historically-black-colleges-and-universities September 9, 2015.
  24. Simon, Scott (2009). “Years of Schooling Leaves Some Students Illiterate,” (Interview with author Beth Fertig, author of Why cant U teach me 2 read, 2009). Public Broadcasting Atlanta, Extracted August 31, 2015, Retrieved from: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121374125
  25. The Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983).”A Nation At Risk: The Imperative For Educational Reform. Washington, D.C., Extracted on: Sept. 9, 2015. Retrieved from: https://www3.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/nationrs.html
  26. The Leadership Council. (2003). “How We Got Here: The Historical Roots of Housing Segregation,” Date extracted: Sept. 4, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.civilrights.org/publications/reports/fairhousing/historical.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/
  27. The Library of Congress Researchers. “Topics in Chronicling America Plessy v. Ferguson (Jim Crow Laws).” Retrieved from: http://www.loc.gov/rr/news/topics/plessy.html
  28. Turner, Matthew, (2011). Global Nonviolent Action Database. “Montgomery, Alabama students sit-in for U.S. Civil Rights, 1960,” Extracted on September 10, 2015. Retrieved from: http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/montgomery-alabama-students-sit-us-civil-rights-1960
  29. United Federation of Teachers, “Albert Shanker.” Date extracted: September 3, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.uft.org/who-we-are/history/albert-shanker
  30. United States Department of Education. No Child Left Behind Act (1965). Extracted on September 10,
  31. University of Virginia American Studies. “Locke and the New Negro” (2009), Retrieved from: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA03/faturoti/harlem/collage/locke.html
  32. Winelip, Michael. (2003). “On Education; The’Zero Dropout’ Miracle: Alas! Alack! A Texas Tall Tale.” The New York Times Online. Extracted on Sept. 8, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/13/nyregion/on-education-the-zero-dropout-miracle-alas-alack-a-texas-tall-tale.html
  33. WXTS Radio, (2013). “W.E.B. DuBois The Talented Tenth 1 of 4.” Date extracted: September 9, 2015, Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDp5FYxece